Yes, ”fight or flight” mode originally represents an instinctive reaction, but the problem is that it is not linked to the obvious threats coming from our surroundings anymore.
For example, nowadays people with anxiety will also experience fight or flight mode, despite the fact that they may be comfortably sitting in their living room while that happens. Therefore, people must understand that fight of flight instinct has changed with our modern society, yet our bodies still experience the same things from it as people have before.
Fight or flight mode involves a surge of adrenaline, heightened awareness, and a series of physiological changes that prepare the body either to confront danger or flee from it.
Why our body and mind react that way? When confronted with a threat, the hypothalamus in the brain activates the sympathetic nervous system, prompting the release of adrenaline and cortisol from the adrenal glands. These are the most common symptoms that will appear:
1. Increased heart rate. Heart palpitations are very common, as with panic attacks.
2. Dilated pupils: Enhancing vision to better detect threats.
3. Elevated blood pressure: Ensuring the body is prepared for rapid action. Tight muscles are common as well.
4. Suppressed digestion: Redirecting energy from non-essential processes to survival activities.
Okay, we see what changes come when you are in the real fight or flight mode, but what happens if you are truly anxious for a very long period of time and constantly living in the fight or flight mode?
1. The body remains in a heightened state of alertness. Over time, this can lead to anxiety disorders, characterized by persistent fear, restlessness, and a sense of impending doom.
2. The brain, when chronically stressed, diverts its resources from rational thinking and decision-making to survival mode. Prolonged exposure to stress hormones like cortisol can impair the prefrontal cortex—the region responsible for critical thinking, memory, and decision-making. This results in difficulties concentrating, memory problems, and an overall decline in cognitive abilities.
3. Physical changes may include: cardiovascular problems, weakened immune system, digestion problems, chronic fatigue, insomnia, and hormonal imbalance.
When it comes to cardiovascular issues, your heart needs a rest. It cannot be working all the time in an increased more. Weakened immune system comes from prolonged stress where your body isn’t able to provide a proper answer to infections and illnesses. Your immune system is suppressed in a prolonged fight or flight mode.
Digestive problems are common as well. We have already talked about IBS on our blog. You can read more about it here.
What about hormonal imbalance? Cortisol, the primary stress hormone, is crucial for short-term survival. However, when the body is flooded with cortisol for too long, it disrupts the balance of other hormones, including those related to metabolism, reproduction, and mood regulation. This can lead to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, menstrual irregularities in women, and a decrease in libido.
